The Frieze

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Sculpted by Adolph Weinman, the Elks National Memorial has an impressive 168-foot relief that extends around the exterior of the rotunda. Right above the large bronze door in the center of the rotunda is the inscription that titles Weinman's frieze: "The Triumphs of Peace Endure — The Triumphs of War Perish."

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Gabriel Caniglia

Containing more than 70 figures that are nearly life-size, the frieze is stylized after classical Greek sculpture in many ways. Actions and movements are translated horizontally from figure to figure, the figures overlap each other, the figures exist against the background, and the relative size of the figures in relation to each other are exaggerated to represent status and importance.

The frieze is depicted in two parts. On the right is the "Terror of War," and on the left is the "Glory of Peace." Weinman gave an incredibly detailed description of nearly every figure and its allegorical purpose in the frieze. While lengthy, it is a fascinating read, because it shows just how much symbology is embedded within the details of the frieze. Following is his description, as given in the July 1926 edition of Elks Magazine:

"The introductory motive in The Terror of War, reading from right to left, shows The Sway of Might, symbolized in the figure of a man of powerful proportions, enthroned, with crown and scepter and clad in the accoutrements of war, surrounded by the figures of Force, Avarice, Suspicion, Fear, Rumor and the Sower of the Seeds of Strife.

"Following to the left is the flying figure of Alarm with plunging horses, and men in battle array obeying the Call to Arms while the Dogs of War strain furiously at their leash; The following group to the left shows The Terror of War, a figure of gigantic proportions in full armor, bearing a two-handed sword and burning torch, accompanied by the Fury of Hatred mounted upon a blind nag and the Fury of Revenge on fiery steed, both rushing headlong into the fray. Following the Terror of War to the right is the heavily draped figure of Death, with cup uplifted and beckoning his followers to the bloody feast.

"Following this group is the Battle, showing a hand-to-hand conflict of helmeted and armored warriors hurling the javelin, wielding the battle ax and sword or speeding the deadly arrow. The intensity of action and display of furious passion and masculine power are the noteworthy features of this group.

"Following is The Human Wreckage, a group of dead and dying warriors over which hovers a Vulture, as symbol of Destruction, while in the lap of a lamenting Mother rests her dead son, her sacrifice to her country's cause.

"The climax is reached in the heroic figure of the Mourning Victory, arm resting wearily upon a sheathed sword, her laurel-crowned head bowed low in deep contemplation of the scene of misery and desolation before her, while a sprightly youth with wings of frail fibre holds out to her a branch of evergreen, symbol of Hope.

"The introductory motive in the Glory of Peace is the heroic winged figure of The Spirit of Peace giving blessing to the group of mother and children about to lay floral offerings upon her altar, while in her shadow repose Virtue and Contentment, hovered over by chanting angels. Following to the right is the Sower, the Reaper, and the Husbandman with his ox and plow.

"Now follows a series of themes symbolizing the four Principles of the Order of Elks; Charity, offering food and shelter to Life's unfortunates and warding off Hunger and Despair.

"Justice is symbolized in the enthroned figure of Justice before whom Innocence pleads her cause, while Nemesis with fiery sword lays her avenging hand upon the evil-doer.

"Brotherly Love is symbolized in the two powerful men who are relieving their heavily burdened brother, while another is giving succor to him whom illness has afflicted.

"Fidelity is depicted in the group by a vigorous man standing steadfast by his mate, spurning Temptation, shown in the siren holding aloft the brimming cup that cheers, and warding off Adversity and gaunt Poverty.

"Following this allegory of the four Principles of the Order of Elks is Pegasus, the symbol of creative inspiration, surrounded by the Bearer of the Sacred Fire and the Singers of the laden horn of plenty.

"The climax is reached in the group of the Human family surging onward to the self-revealing figure of Truth and the Higher Life."

Not only is the frieze beautiful in its execution, it is also a beautiful work of symbolic art that fits perfectly within the purpose of the Elks National Memorial. It is a fitting work of art for a war memorial, but it is also an embodiment of Elks ideals.

Details from "Terror of War":

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Details from "Glory of Peace":

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